National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged 12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children.@*Method@#Cross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China ( @*Results@#Four dietary patterns were identified among the children @*Conclusion@#Although China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development, there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.

Cardiac Ultrastructure and Changes of HSP70 and HIF-1α Expression in Electric Shock Death Rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe cardiac ultrastructure and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-lα) in electric shock death rats and to explore the application of these indexes as the basis of medical identification in electric shock death.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into electric shock death group, postmortem electric shock group and the control group. The changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope, and the expressions of myocardial HSP70 and HIF-1α were observed by immunohistochemical technology.@*RESULTS@#Myocardial myofibril fracture, mitochondrial cristae and membrane dissolution, and disordered arrangement of Z lines and M lines were observed in electric shock rats. HSP70 and HIF-lα were strong positive expressions in the electric shock death group, significantly compared with the control and postmortem electric shock groups (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The expressions of HSP70 and HIF-lα were obviously increased in electric shock death group, which may be used as the diagnostic indicator of electric shock death.

Effect of Qingkailing Injection on children with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of phlegm-heat obstructing Fei syndrome pattern at different time-points / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the curative effect of Qingkailing Injection (QKL) for treatment of children's respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of phlegm-heat obstructing Fei syndrome pattern (SVP-PH) depending upon main symptom assessment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A Chinese-Western medicine comparative trial was conducted on 206 children with SVP-PH in two groups treated with Ribavirin injection plus compound guaiacol potassium sul-fonale oral solution (as control group) and QKL injection plus Ertong Qingfei oral liquid (as treated group) respectively, for 10 days. The curative effectiveness on four main symptoms (fever, cough, sputum and short breath) were evaluated at different time-points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effectiveness in the treated group at various time-points was superior to that in the control group, showing the earlier initiating time (on the 4th day) and the preponderances on cough and sputum ran all through the whole course.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese medicine shows a multi-target effect in treating children's SVP-HP.</p>

Evaluation by survival analysis on effect of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children with respiratory syncytial viral pneumonia of phlegm-heat blocking Fei syndrome / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To objectively evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children's respiratory syncytial viral pneumonia (RSVP) of phlegm-heat blocking Fei syndrome (PHBFS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A single-blinded multi-center, blocked, randomized and parallel-controlled method was adopted. The clinical study was carried out on 206 children with RSVP-PHBFS who were assigned to two groups, 108 in the test group treated through intravenous dripping of Qingkailing Injection () in combination of oral intake of Er'tong Qingfei Oral Liquid () and 98 in the control group with intravenous dripping of ribavirin injection in combination with oral intake of potassium guaiacol sulfonate oral liquid, all for 10 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and compared at the end of the trial from various aspects by three methods including comprehensive efficacy, post-treatment main symptoms score difference and survival analysis of the main symptoms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, in the test group, 60 patients were cured, 36 markedly alleviated, and 12 improved. In the control group, 41 were cured, 38 markedly alleviated, 18 improved and 1 unchanged. Comparison on the comprehensive efficacy between the two groups shows a better efficacy in the test group (chi(2)=4.4527, P=0.0348). Scores of the main symptoms were lowered after treatment in both groups, the difference was 22.41+/-4.99 scores in the test group and 17.61+/-6.34 scores in the control group, being more significant in the former (t=-5.99, P<0.01). Survival analysis shows that there was significant difference between the two groups in the effect initiating time on such symptoms as fever, cough, copious sputum, shortness of breath, and rales, which was earlier in the test group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Evaluation of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children with RSVP-PHBFS by using the three methods jointly could better show the objectivity of the evaluation.</p>